What is Anime?

Anime is a global phenomenon that is growing in popularity, but what exactly is it? From epic battles and fantasy worlds to heartfelt dramas and romantic stories, anime has something for everyone.

In this comprehensive article, we cover the most important aspects, including origins, characteristics, genres, and influence on Japanese culture.

What is unique about anime?

Anime is a Japanese style of animated films and series that is distinguished by its unique visual style, compelling stories, and character development. The word itself is derived from the English word “animation” and is used in Japan for all forms of animation. Outside of Japan, however, anime refers specifically to Japanese animated content.

What makes anime unique is the combination of expressive characters, vibrant colors, and detailed backgrounds. Anime can range from short episodes to long films and can be found in various genres, from action and fantasy to horror and romance.

Anime is not only aimed at children, like many Western cartoons, but also includes adult themes and complex storylines. There are series that are specifically intended for teenagers ( shonen, shojo ), but also for adults ( seinen, josei )

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The History of Anime: From Origins to Worldwide Phenomenon

The history of anime goes back over a century and is closely intertwined with the technological and cultural development of Japan. Although the industry is a global phenomenon today, it all began with simple experiments in animation. In this comprehensive overview, we will examine the evolution of anime, from its earliest experiments to the influential industry it is today.

The First Steps: Early 20th Century (1900-1940)

Early Japanese animation was strongly influenced by Western techniques, particularly those from the United States and Europe. The first known Japanese animations were produced in the 1910s–1920s by pioneers such as Seitaro Kitayama, Jun'ichi Kōuchi, and Ōten Shimokawa .

Important milestones from this period :

• 1917 – The first documented Japanese animated films appear, including Namakura Gatana and Katsudō Shashin .

• 1920s-1930s – Japanese animators experimented with traditional drawing styles and handmade cell animation.

• 1933 – Chikara to Onna no Yo no Naka , the first Japanese anime with sound, is released.

• 1935 – The first color anime, Benkei vs. Ushiwaka , is produced.

• 1943 – Momotarō no Umiwashi , a Japanese government-sponsored propaganda film, is released during World War II.

During this period, anime was mainly limited to short films, often with a nationalistic message or educational purposes.

The Rise of Modern Anime: 1950s and 1960s

After World War II, Japan began to rebuild its entertainment industry, leading to a new wave of animation innovations. One of the most important figures during this period was Osamu Tezuka , often called "the father of modern anime".

Important milestones from this period :

• 1948 – Osamu Tezuka publishes Astro Boy (Tetsuwan Atom) as a manga, which will later become one of the first major series.

• 1958 – Hakujaden (The Tale of the White Serpent), the first film produced in color, is released by Toei Animation.

• 1963 – Astro Boy becomes the first Japanese anime to air on television and becomes a huge hit.

• 1965 – Kimba the White Lion becomes the first color anime series in Japan.

Tezuka's work was revolutionary because he introduced cinematographic techniques to anime, such as dynamic camera angles and dramatic storylines, which laid the foundation for the signature style we know today.

The Golden Age of Anime: 1970s and 1980s

The 1970s and 1980s saw a rapid expansion of the industry, with the rise of multiple genres and iconic series. This era is often referred to as the "golden age of anime" as it laid the foundation for the modern industry.

Important developments :

• 1970 – Lupin III debuts and becomes one of the first long-running series.

• 1974 – Space Battleship Yamato becomes a huge hit, introducing science fiction elements into anime.

• 1979 – Mobile Suit Gundam lays the foundation for the mecha genre, with giant robots playing a central role.

• 1984 – Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind , directed by Hayao Miyazaki, becomes a landmark film and leads to the founding of Studio Ghibli.

• 1988 – Akira is released and receives worldwide acclaim for its impressive animation and complex story.

During this period, anime films and series began to gain a larger international following, particularly in the US and Europe.

The Global Breakthrough: 1990s

In the 1990s, anime became a globally recognized phenomenon, thanks to the growth of the domestic market and the introduction of anime on international television channels.

Important series and developments :

• 1992 – Sailor Moon introduces the mahou shoujo (magical girl) genre to a worldwide audience.

• 1995 – Neon Genesis Evangelion rewrites the conventions of the mecha genre with its psychological and philosophical themes.

• 1997 – Pokémon debuts and becomes a worldwide phenomenon, spawning numerous spin-offs, films, and games.

• 1998 – Cowboy Bebop and Trigun reach an international audience and show that anime is not just for kids.

This was also the period when anime became accessible via VHS and later DVD, allowing fans to collect their favorite series.

Anime in the 21st Century: Digital Revolution and Streaming

With the advent of the internet and digital animation, the industry changed dramatically. Streaming services made anime faster and more accessible to a global audience.

Important developments :

• 2000 – One Piece and Naruto are launched and become the most popular anime franchises of all time.

• 2001 – Spirited Away wins an Oscar and proves that anime is recognized as a serious art form.

• 2010-2020 – Streaming services like Crunchyroll, Netflix and Funimation make anime accessible worldwide.

• 2013 – Attack on Titan becomes a huge success and attracts many new viewers.

• 2020-present – ​​Demon Slayer: Mugen Train is the highest-grossing anime film of all time.

Anime has evolved from a niche market to a multi-billion dollar industry that spans the globe. Thanks to social media and online streaming, it continues to grow and attract new fans.

Characteristics of Anime

Anime has a number of unique characteristics that set it apart from other forms of animation. From its distinctive visual style to deep storytelling and cultural influences, it offers a unique viewing experience that appeals to millions of people worldwide. Below, we explore the key aspects that make anime so special.

Visual Style: Recognizable and Detailed Art

One of the first things people notice about anime is its unique drawing style. While there are different artistic approaches, there are some visual features that are common to most movies and series:

Large, Expressive Eyes

Anime characters often have large eyes, a style popularized by Osamu Tezuka, inspired by Disney characters such as Bambi. Large eyes help convey emotions better and give characters a youthful and expressive appearance.

Unique Hairstyles and Bright Colors

Characters often have brightly colored hair in shades of blue, pink, and green. Hairstyles are often detailed and can reflect character traits. A messy hairdo can symbolize a wild and rebellious nature, while a tight, neatly cut hairdo can indicate intelligence or discipline.

Detailed Backgrounds and Environments

Many anime studios, such as Kyoto Animation and Makoto Shinkai's CoMix Wave Films, are known for their beautifully animated backgrounds. Some scenes look like paintings, with realistic lighting, shadows and textures.

Dynamic Action Scenes

Action scenes are often energetic and detailed. Slow motion, extreme close-ups and dramatic camera angles add to the tension. This is especially evident in fighting anime such as Dragon Ball Z , where characters perform over-the-top attacks.

Deep and Compelling Storylines

Anime differs from many Western animations in that it often has continuous and in-depth storylines.

Episodic vs Narrative Anime

• Episodic anime: Consists of standalone episodes with no overarching story ( Doraemon, Detective Conan ).

• Serial anime: Has a long-running storyline with character development ( Attack on Titan, One Piece ).

Psychological and Philosophical Themes

Anime often explores complex themes such as life and death, the meaning of existence, technology versus humanity, and mental health. A good example of this is Neon Genesis Evangelion , in which the psyche of the main characters plays an important role.

Emotional Impact

Anime can be deeply emotional. Series like Clannad: After Story and Your Lie in April are known for their heartbreaking stories that make viewers cry.

Cultural Influences: The Connection with Japanese Traditions

Anime is deeply rooted in Japanese culture and often incorporates elements from Japanese traditions, folklore and daily life.

Japanese Mythology and Folklore

Many anime take inspiration from Japanese legends, gods and mythological creatures. For example:

• Spirited Away contains references to kami (Japanese gods) and Shinto traditions.

• Inuyasha is based on Japanese demons ( yokai ).
  
  

Honor, Family and Social Values

Japanese values ​​such as hard work, honor and loyalty are common.

• In Naruto and My Hero Academia we see main characters who push themselves to the limit to achieve their goals.

• School life and friendship play a big role in many slice-of-life anime like K-On! and Toradora!
  
  

Festivals and Seasons

Anime often depicts Japanese festivals such as Hanami (cherry blossom festival) and Obon (ancestral memorial festival). This helps viewers better understand the culture of Japan.

Music and Soundtracks: An Important Part of the Experience

Music plays a crucial role in anime, contributing to the atmosphere and emotional impact.

Iconic Opening and Closing Themes

Every anime has a unique opening ( OP ) and ending theme ( ED ). Some opening themes are so popular that they become known outside of the anime community. For example:

• "A Cruel Angel's Thesis" ( Neon Genesis Evangelion )

• "Unravel" ( Tokyo Ghoul )

• "Blue Bird" ( Naruto Shippuden )

 

Orchestral and Synthesizer Soundtracks

Many anime have a cinematic soundtrack composed by well-known artists such as Yoko Kanno ( Cowboy Bebop ) and Joe Hisaishi ( Studio Ghibli films ). The music heightens the emotional impact of scenes.

J-Pop and J-Rock Influences

Anime music is often performed by well-known Japanese artists, which makes the songs popular outside of the anime industry. Bands such as FLOW, LiSA and RADWIMPS have had worldwide hits thanks to their soundtracks.

Unique Narrative Techniques and Expressions

Anime uses different storytelling techniques and expressive styles that distinguish it from other forms of animation.

Exaggerated Emotional Reactions

Anime characters often have over-the-top expressions such as:

• Giant drops of sweat to show discomfort.

• Blushing cheeks when in love.

• Bloated veins when angry.

 

Flashbacks and Inner Monologues

Anime makes extensive use of flashbacks to reveal characters' backstories and inner monologues to explore their thoughts. This helps with character development.

Symbolism and Color Psychology

Anime often uses symbolism to enhance emotions or themes:

• Red Eyes → Demons or supernatural forces ( Hellsing, Tokyo Ghoul ).

• White flowers → Death or transience ( Violet Evergarden ).

• Rain → Sadness or a dramatic moment ( Weathering With You ).

What Are Popular Anime Genres

Anime has a huge variety of genres, so there is something for everyone. Here are some of the most popular genres:

Shonen (少年, for boys)

• Aimed at young male viewers.

• Mostly action-packed, with themes of friendship and perseverance.

• Examples: Naruto, Dragon Ball Z, One Piece .

 

Shojo (少女, for girls)

• Aimed at young female viewers.

• Romance and relationships often play a major role.

• Examples: Sailor Moon, Cardcaptor Sakura, Fruits Basket .

 

Signals (青年, for adults)

• Complex storylines and deeper themes.

• More violent and psychological elements.

• Examples: Attack on Titan, Berserk, Tokyo Ghoul .

 

Isekai (異世界, “other world”)

• Main characters are transported to another world.

• Often a mix of fantasy and adventure.

• Examples: Sword Art Online, Re:Zero, No Game No Life .

 

Mecha (robot anime)

• Focused on giant robots and advanced technology.

• Examples: Gundam, Neon Genesis Evangelion, Code Geass .

Other popular genres include horror, fantasy, slice of life, and cyberpunk.

Why is Anime so Popular?

Anime is popular worldwide for its unique combination of compelling storytelling, deep character development, and beautiful animation. Unlike many Western animations, which are often aimed at children, anime offers stories for all ages and interests, ranging from epic adventures and science fiction to psychological thrillers and romantic dramas. Furthermore, anime plays on universal emotions and themes such as friendship, perseverance, and self-discovery, allowing viewers to emotionally connect with the characters and their journey.

Additionally, the accessibility of anime through streaming services like Crunchyroll, Netflix, and Funimation contributes to its growing popularity. The industry has a strong online community where fans actively discuss, create fan art, and participate in conventions and cosplay events. Anime also has a major influence on pop culture, with influences in video games, fashion, and music. Due to its creative freedom, artistic expression, and the profound impact it has on viewers, it continues to be a global phenomenon that continues to appeal to more and more people.